Ljiljana Dešević, psiholog
Ova autorska studija se bavi vezama koje postoje između ranijih iskustava (sećanja) i atavizma psihološkog sistema, s jedne strane, i čovekovih reakcija (kognitivnih, emotivnih, socijalnih, somatskih), s druge strane.
Složenost sećanja, atavizma, njihovih specifičnih međusobnih veza i veze sa reakcijama, dovodi do toga da su čoveku sopstvene reakcije nejasne (nerazumljive) i bolne (depresija i strahovi).
Studija pojašnjava način na koji može da se smanji (ublaži) pomenuti komplikujući uticaj prošlih iskustava i atavizma na psihološki sistem i nudi model po kom razumevanje ranijih iskustava čini da čovekove reakcije postanu adekvatnije spoljašnjim okolnostima i manje bolne, a sam čovek srećniji.
PREDMET STUDIJE
U studiji koja je pred nama nastojimo da odgovorimo na pitanja:
– Kakva je priroda atavizma psihološkog sistem
– Kako atavizam deluje na psihološki sistem
– Kako je moguće smanjiti delavanje atavizma na psihološki sistem
TRANSFORMACIJA I TRANSFER ORGANSKIH SISTEMA U PSIHOLOŠKE SISTEME
1. Na nivou vrste, po principu transfvera, svi geni čovekovih životinjskih predaka se sadrže u genima čoveka.
2. Na individualnom nivou, čovek istovremeno reaguje i psihološki i somatski. Vremenom, somatske reakcije se transformišu u psihološke reakcije (u komponentu psihološkog sistema čoveka).
Ove činjenice (transformacija somatskih promena u promene psihološkog sistema, na nivou jedinke i transfer gena, na nivou vrste) nas upućuju na zaključak da je tokom evolucije došlo do:
– Transformacije organskih promena u promene psiholoških sistema, na nivou jedinke čovekovih predaka
– Transfera psiholoških sistema predaka u psihološki sistem čoveka
Transformacija organskih promena jedinke u njen psihološki sistem i transfer psiholoških sistema predaka u psihološki sistem čoveka, doveleli su do toga da psihološki sistem čoveka u sebi sadrži:
– Sve psihološke sisteme predaka
– Sve organske sisteme predaka
Svi psihološki sistemi predaka i svi organski sistemi predaka čine atavizam psihološkog sistema čoveka.
__________
* Studija je nastavak studija: „Psihološki sistem: struktura i izmena strukture“ (http://www.psychostructurology.rs.) i „Evolucija psihološkog sistema“.
MOĆ ATAVIZMA PSIHOLOŠKOG SISTEMA ČOVEKA
Čovekov neposredni predak, Australopitek, je bio polno zreo u svojoj trećoj ili četvrtoj godini života.
Polna zrelost Australopiteka, sa svojim psihološkim i somatskim komponentama, je atavizam psihološkog sistema čoveka.
Taj atavizam se javlja (aktivira) u trećoj ili četvrtoj godini života deteta i od tada predstavlja moćnu, trajnu, nerazumljivu, ali i nepromenljivu komponentu psihološkog sistema čoveka.
NERAZUMLJIVE KOMPONENTE PSIHOLOŠKOG SISTEMA
Komponente koje čine psihološki sistem delimo u dve grupe:
– Nerazumljive (koje se ne mogu ni opažati ni razumeti)
– Razumljive (koje se mogu i opažati i razumeti)
Nerazumljive komponente psihološkog sistema su:
– Atavizam
– Porodično nasleđe čoveka (biološko i psihološko)
–
– Konekcije unutar svih prethodno navedenih (nerazumljivih) komponenti
– Konekcije između svih nerazumljivih i svih razumljivih komponenti
– Konekcije nerazumljivih komponenti psihološkog sistema i spoljašnjih okolnosti (drugih sistema)
ISKUSTVA PSIHOLOŠKOG SISTEMA
Iskustva koja čovek ima tokom života verovatno čine polovinu strukture njegovog psihološkog sistema.
Strukturu svakog pojedinačnog iskustva* čine:
– Spoljašnje okolnosti (većinom su to drugi ljudi – drugi psihološki sistemi)
– Psihološke i somatske reakcije čoveka
– Konekcije između okolnosti i reakcija
– Komponente do tada struktuiranog psihološkog sistema
__________
* Pojmovi: sadržaj, priča i struktura iskustva su sinonimni.
RAZUMLJIVE KOMPONENTE PSIHOLOŠKOG SISTEMA
Razumljive komponente psihološkog sistema su:
– Okolnosti i reakcije aktuelnog iskustva
– Okolnosti i reakcije svih zapamćenih iskustava (sećanja)
– Konekcije (veze) između okolnosti i reakcija aktuelnih i zapamćenih iskustava
BAZIČNO ISKUSTVO
Jedno iskustvo četvorogodišnjeg deteta u kome se prvi put, kao atavizam, javlja polna zrelost Australopiteka, nazvali smo bazično iskustvo*.
Bazično iskustvo je iskustvo sa najvećom koncentracijom atavizma u psihološkom sistemu.
Reakcije deteta u bazičnom iskustvu su najvećim delom namere, po svojoj prirodi seksualne i agresivne, a uglavnom usmerene prema roditeljskim figurama.
Ovo dečje iskustvo uvodi psihološki sistem u svoju zrelu (složenu) fazu. To je prvo iskustvo koje u celini, sa svim svojim složenim komponentama, traje u narednim iskustvima (u psihološkom sistemu).
Bazično iskustvo, sa svojim atavizmom, podređuje sebi sva čovekova iskustva**.
Počev od bazičnog iskustva, psihološki sistem se struktuira tako što i sva ostala iskustva koja čovek doživljava posle bazičnog, ostaju-nastavljaju da traju u strukturi sistema.
__________
* Bazično iskustvo je prvo složeno iskustvo u kome se mogu posmatrati (razlikovati i razumeti):
– Složene spoljašnje okolnosti (drugi sistemi)
– Složene sopstvene reakcije (reakcije)
– Složene reakcije na sopstvene reakcije
– Složene konekcije
** Može se reći:
– Da bazično iskustvo vlada psihološkim sistemom, tj. čovekom
– Da preko bazičnog iskustva psihološkim sistemom čoveka vlada Australopitek sa svojim atavizmom
STRUKTURA ISKUSTVA POSLE BAZIČNOG ISKUSTVA
Strukturu svakog iskustava koje se dešava posle bazičnog čine:
– Nerazumljive komponente psihološkog sistema
– Deo komponenti bazičnog iskustva
– Komponente nekih iskustava, koja su se desila posle bazičnog iskustva, a pre datog iskustva
– Okolnosti datog iskustva
– Reakcije datog iskustva
– Konekcije svih prethodno navedenih komponenti
MOĆ PSIHOLOŠKOG SISTEMA
U bazičnom iskustvu dete relativno adekvatno doživljava (relativno adekvatno reagije) na:
– Spoljašnje okolnosti (tuđe reakcije, prostor i vreme)
– Svoje reakcije
Trajanje bazičnog iskustva u strukturi svih narednih iskustava, čini da čovek uvek, čitavog života, delom reaguje i reakcijama svog bazičnog iskustva.
To je način na koji bazično iskustvo daje moć čoveku da tokom života:
– Relativno adekvatno razume svoje odnose s ljudima
– Relativno adekvatno opaža prostor i vreme
NEMOĆ I BOL PSIHOLOŠKOG SISTEMA
Zbog specifičnog načina struktuiranja psihološkog sistema i prirode komponenti koje taj sistem čine, vremenom čoveku sopstvene reakcije mogu da postanu:
- Sve nerazumljivije
- Sve neadekvatnije spoljašnjim okolnostima
- Mogu da postanu tegobe (vremenom sve intenzivnije – do nivoa psihološkog i somatskog bola, pa i oboljenja)
Kada čovekove reakcije postanu suviše bolne, on neretko traži psihoterapijsku pomoć.
NEPROMENLJIVOST SISTEMA
U svim iskustvima posle bazičnog iskustva čovekove reakcije u sebi sadrže dve komponente:
– Njegove ranije odreagovane reakcije
– Nove reakcije
Čovek ne može da ne ponavlja ranije odreagovane reakcije, niti da ih promeni.* zbog nepromenljive strukture psihološkog sistema (čije su reakcije deo)**.
U svakom iskustvu posle bazičnog iskustva čovek pokušava:
– Da se oslobodi reakcija bazičnog iskustva
– Da se oslobodi reakcija svojih prethodnih iskustava
Psihološki sistem ne može da se promeni zato što:
– Nije moguće promeniti razumljiv deo psihološkog sistema (iskustva-ono što se jednom već dogodilo)
– Nije moguće poništiti uticaj atavizma i ostalih nerazumljivih komponenti na psihološki sistem
– Nije moguće upoznati konekcije atavizama sa svim komponentama psihološkog sistema (nerazumljivim i razumljivim)
Kao nepromenljiv, psihološki sistem, iako moćan (velikim delom adekvatan):
– Ne samo što ne može spontano i u potpunosti adekvatno da vlada svojim složenim reakcijama
– Već ne može spontano i u potpunosti da se zaštiti od bola i oštećenja
Iako nepromenljiv, psihološki sistem, ipak, ima potencijal da postane funkcionalniji:
– Da otkloni svoje tegobe
– Da poveća adekvatnost svojih reakcija
M.A.S. psihoterapijska metoda (metoda razumevanja psihološkog sistema) u stanju je da realizuje takav čovekov potencijal***.
___________
* NPR: čovek koji je u bažičnom iskustvu hteo da prekine međusobnu pažnju roditelja i prigrabi je za sebe, pa se zbog reakcija roditerlja povukao od roditeljskih figura, u kasnijim iskustvima pokušavaće da se ponaša drugačije, da se ne povlači, već da osvaja.
** Nepromenljivost strukture se tokom psihoterapije prepoznaje kao otpor.
*** Videti studiju: „Izmena strukture psihološkog sistema“ na: (http://www.psychostructurology.rs.)
PROMENE U FUNKCIONISANJU SISTEMA
M.A.S. psihoterapijskom metodom moguće je, bez izmene strukture, promeniti funkcionisanje psihološkog sistema:
– Otkloniti tegobe
– Povećati adekvatnost reakcija
Promene u funkcionisanju psihološkog sistema rezultat su razumevanja razumljivog dela strukture psihološkog sistema.
RAZUMEVANJE RAZUMLJIVOG DELA SISTEMA
U svakodnevnom životu, čovek delom može da zna*:
– Okolnosti aktuelnih i zapamćenih iskustava
– Sopstvene rekacije u aktuelnim i zapamćenim iskustvima
– Konekcije između okolnosti i reakcija (unutar svojih iskustava)
U svakodnevnom životu čovek uglavnom ne razume u potpunosti
– Konekcije između iskustava
– Konekcije psihološkog sistema sa drugim psihološkim i nepsihološkim sistemima
M.A.S. psihoterapijska metoda pomaže klijentu da relativno adekvatno razume:
– Konekcije unutar iskustava sistema
– Konekcije na nivou celine sistema (između iskustava)
– Konekcije sistema sa drugim sistemima
__________
* Može da opaža i da realtivno adekvatno razume.
DEJSTVO M.A.S. METODE NA ATAVIZAM
Atavizmi su komponente psihološkog sistema, koje se sadrže u strukturi svih ostalih komponenti psihološkog sistema (i razumljivih i nerazumljivih).
Upoznavanjem komponeti razumljivog dela psihološkog sistema, nužno upoznajemo i atavistički deo tih komponenti.
Upoznate (razumljive) komponente psihološkog sistema nastavljaju da, sada kao jasne, traju u strukturi narednih iskustava.
Upoznavanjem razumljivih komponenti sistema:
– Povećava se uticaj razumljivih komponenti sistema na dalje struktuiranje sistema
– Povećava se adekvatnost reakcija
– Smanjuje se bol sistema
– Smanjuje se uticaj (sa razumljivim komponentama sistema konektovanih) nerazumljivih komponenti, pa time i uticaj atavizama, na sistem
ZAKLJUČAK
Nije moguće promeniti:
– Već struktuiran psihološki sistem
– Atavizam psihološkog sistema
Obzirom da je atavizam sadržan u razumljivim komponentama sistema, razumevanje razumljivih komponenti sistema je način na koji M.A.S. psihoterapijska metoda smanjujuje uticaj atavizma na sistem.
Smanjenje uticaja atavizama na psihološki sistem čini sistem funkcionalnijim:
– Razumljivijim
– Adekvatnijim
– Manje bolnim
___________
* Sa drugim delovima psihološkog sistema.
Copyright©Ljiljana Dešević 2014
ATAVISM OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL SYSTEM, Part II
SUBJECT OF THE STUDY
In this study we hope to answer following questions:
– What is the nature of the psychological system’s atavism?
– How does the atavism affect the psychological system?
– How can the atavism’s influence on the psychological system be decreased?
THE TRANSFORMATION AND TRANSFER OF ORGANIC SYSTEMS INTO PSYCHOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
1. At the level of the species, following the principle of a transfer, all genes of man’s ancestors are contained within man’s own genes.
2. At the individual level, man simultaneously reacts psychologically and somatically. In time, somatic reactions transform into psychological reactions (into a component of the human psichological system)
These facts (the transformation of somatic changes into changes of the psychological system, at the individual level; and the gene transfer, at the species level) lead us to the conclusion that during evolution the following occured:
– A transformation of organic changes into changes of the psychological system, at the human ancestors’ individual level
– A transfer of the ancestors’ psychological systems into man’s psychological system
The transformation of individual organic changes into its psychological system and the transfer of the ancestors’ psychological systems into man’s psychological system, lead to man’s psychological system containing:
– All of his ancestors’ psychological systems
– All of his ancestors’ organic systems
All of the ancestral psychological and organic systems make up the atavism of the HPS (human psychological system).
__________
* This study is a continuation of the studies: “The psychological system: Structure and alteration of the structure” (http://www.psychostructurology.rs.) and “Evolution of the psychological system”.
THE MOST POWERFUL ATAVISM OF THE HUMAN PSYCHOLOGICAL SYSTEM
Man’s direct ancestor, Australopithecus, was sexually mature in his third or fourth year of age.
The sexual maturation of the Australopithecus, with its psychological and somatic components, is the most powerful atavism of the HPS (Human psychological system).
That atavism occurs (is activated) in a child in its third or fourth year of age. From that moment on it is a powerful, permanent, incomprehensible as well as unchangeable component of man’s psychological system.
INCOMPREHENSIBLE COMPONENTS OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL SYSTEM
We divide the psychological system’s components into two groups:
– Incomprehensible (those that can neither be perceived nor understood)
– Comprehensible (those that can be perceived and understood)
The incomprehensible components of the psychological system are:
– Atavism
– Man’s (biological and psychological) heritage
– Unmemorised experiences
– The connections inside the aforementioned (incomprehensible) components
– The connections among all incomprehensible and all comprehensible components
– The connections between the psychological system’s incomprehensible components and the external circumstances (other systems)
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL SYSTEM’S EXPERIENCES
The experiences man collects over the course of his lifetime probably make up half of his psychological system’s structure.
The structure of every single experience* is made up of:
– External circumstances (those are mainly other individuals – other psychological systems)
– Man’s psychological and somatic reactions
– The connections among the circumstances and reactions
__________
* The terms: Content, Story and Structure of an experience are synonymous.
COMPREHENSIBLE COMPONENTS OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL SYSTEM
The comprehensible components of the psychological system are:
– The circumstances and reactions of the present experience
– The circumstances and reactions of all memorised experiences (memories)
– The connections between the circumstances and reactions of our present and memorised experiences
BASIC EXPERIENCE
One of a four year old’s experiences in which for the first time, as an atavism, we observe the sexual maturation of the Australopithecus, we dubbed the basic experience*.
The basic experience is the experience with the highest concentration of atavism in the psychological system.
The child’s reactions in the basic experience are to a large part intentions, sexual and agressive in their nature, and mainly directed towards the parental figures.
This childhood experience leads the psychological system into its mature (complex) phase. It’s the first experience that as a whole, with all of its complex components, continues in (transfers into) the following experiences (in the psychological system).
The basic experience, with all its atavism, subordinates to it all of man’s experiences**.
Starting with the basic experience, the psychological system is structured by having all experiences after the basic one transfer into (become part of) the system’s structure.
__________
* The basic experience is the first complex experience where we can observe (diferentiate and comprehend):
– Complex external circumstances (other systems)
– Complex personal reactions (reactions)
– Complex reactions to one’s personal reactions
– Complex connections
** We could say:
– That the basic experience rules over the psychological system, which means it rules over man himself.
– That through the basic experience, Australopithecus rules the human psychological system, through atavism.
THE STRUCTURE OF A POST-BASIC EXPERIENCE
The structure of every post-basic experience is composed of:
– Incomprehensible components of the psychological system
– A part of the basic experience’s components
– The components of some experiences, that occured after the basic experience, but before the given experience
– The circumstances of the given experience
– The reactions of the given experience
– The connections of all aforementioned components
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL SYSTEM’S POWER
In the basic experience, a kid relatively adequately perceives (relatively adequately reacts to):
– The external circumstances (the reactions of others, space and time)
– Its own reactions
The continuance of the basic experience in the structure of all following experiences, makes man always, all of his life, partly react with the reactions of his basic experience.
That is the way in which the basic experience empowers man to, over the course of his lifetime:
– Relatively adequately understand his relationship with other people
– Relatively adequately perceive space and time
THE POWERLESSNESS AND PAIN OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL SYSTEM
Because of the psychological system’s specific way of structuring and the nature of the components making up that system, in time, man’s personal reactions can become:
- More incomprehensible
- More inadequate to the external cirumstances
- Difficulties (more intense in time – until they become psychological and somatic pain, even disease)
When man’s reactions become too painul, he frequently asks for psychotherapeutic help.
THE IMMUTABILITY OF THE SYSTEM
In every experience after the basic one, man tries:
– To free himself from the reactions of the basic experience
– To free himself from the reactions of his previous experiences
Man cannot react but with his known, earlier utilised reactions,* because the unchangeable structure of the psychological system is in the basis of his reactions**.
The psychological system cannot be altered because:
– It is not possible to change the comprehensible part of the psychological system (experiences-what already happened once)
– It is not possible to nullify the influence that the atavism and other incomprehensible components have on the psychological system
– It is not possible to observe the connections between the atavism and all the psychological system’s components (the incomprehensible as well as comprehensible ones)
As unchangeable, the psychological system, though powerful (adequate to a great deal):
– Is not only unable to spontaneously and completely adequately rule its complex reactions
– But it is also unable to spontaneously and completely protect itself from pain and damage
Even though unchangeable, the psychological system still has the potential to become more functionable:
– To remove its difficulties
– To increase the adequacy of its reactions
The M.A.S. psychotherapeutic method (Method for Alteration (primarily understanding) of the psychological System) is capable to realize such a potential ***.
___________
* e.g.: Somebody who in his basic experience wanted to interrupt his parents and usurp their mutual care for himself, and then had to withdraw from the parental figures because of their reaction, will try to behave differently in later life, to conquer and not withdraw
** The structure’s immutability can be recognized as resistance during psychotherapy
*** Look up study: “Alteration of the psychological system’s structure” at http://www.psychostructurology.rs.
CHANGES IN THE SYSTEM’S FUNCTIONING
Through the M.A.S. psychotherapeutic method it is possible to change the psychological system’s functioning, without altering the structure:
– Remove difficulties
– Increase the adequacy of the reactions
The changes in the psychological system’s functioning are a result of actually understanding the understandable part of the psychological system’s structure.
UNDERSTANDING THE UNDERSTANDABLE PART OF THE SYSTEM SISTEMA
In everyday life, man can know (to a degree)*:
– The circumstances
– His personal reactions
– The connections between the circumstances and the reactions (inside his experiences)
In everyday life, man mainly misunderstands:
– The connections among experiences
– The connections of the psychological system with other psychological and non-psychological systems
The M.A.S. psychotherapeutic method helps the client to relatively adequately understand:
– The connections inside the system’s experiences
– The connections at the whole system level (among experiences)
– The connections of the system with other systems
__________
* Can observe and relatively adequately understand.
EFFECT OF THE M.A.S. METHOD ON THE ATAVISM
The atavism is a component of the psychological system, which is found in the structure of all other components of the psychological system (both comprehensible and incomprehensible).
By getting to know the components of the psychological system’s comprehensible part, we also get to know the atavistic part of those components.
The familiar (comprehensible) components of the psychological system continue to exist as clear components in the structure of following experiences.
By getting to know the system’s comprehensible components:
– The influence of the system’s comprehensible components on its further structuring is increased
– The adequacy of the reactions is increased
– The system’s pain is dicreased
– The influence of incomprehensible components (with the comprehensible components connected), as well as the influence of the atavism on the system is decreased
CONCLUSION
It is impossible to alter:
– An already structured psychological system
– The atavism of a psychological system
Bearing in mind that the atavism is found in the comprehensible components of the system, understanding those components is the way in which the M.A.S. psychotherapeutic method decreases the atavism’s influence on the system.
Dicreasing the atavism’s effect on the psychological system makes the system more functional:
– More comprehensible
– More adequate
– Less painful
___________
* With other parts of the psychological system.
Copyright©Ljiljana Dešević 2014
Translated and adapted by: Jasmin Šantić
u 
